CSS文字排版技巧

Font属性
CSS提供了font属性，它允许我们在我们的页面中调整文字。这是一系列的关于语法和如何使用CSS调整文字的概述。

Font-size
使用font-size可以修改你的文字的大小。

 font-size: 1.2em;
font-size: 12px;
font-size: 10pt;

预览
文字大小为1.2em.
文字大小为12px.
文字大小为10pt.
 

Font-weight
该属性用来改变你的文字的粗细(比如bold, bolder)

 font-weight: normal;
font-weight: bold;
font-weight: bolder;
font-weight: lighter;

预览
font-weight设置为normal
font-weight设置为bold
font-weight设置为bolder
font-weight设置为lighter
font-weight属性还可以使用100,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,900等数字值，数字越大，文字越粗。400等效于normal，700等效于bold。

Text-transform
text-transform属性允许你应用uppercase(大写), lowercase(小写), 以及capitalize(首字母大写)等效果到你的文字。当然，该属性不能用于中文。

 text-transform: capitalize;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-transform: lowercase;
text-transform: inherit;

预览
Capitalizes the first letter in every word
Allows your html to be lower case the converts it all to uppercase characters
ALLOWS YOUR HTML TO BE UPPERCASE THEN CONVERTS IT TO LOWERCASE, THIS WAS TYPED IN ALLCAPS
inherits the text-transform property from its parent element
Text-decoration
text-transform属性允许你使用一些文字修饰，比如下划线(underline)、上划线(overline)、删除线(line-through)以及文字闪动(blink)。

 text-decoration: normal;
text-decoration: underline;
text-decoration: overline;
text-decoration: line-through;
text-decoration: blink;

预览
text-decoration设置为normal
text-decoration设置为underline
text-decoration设置为overline
text-decoration设置为line-through
text-decoration设置为blink (只有Firefox 和Opera 支持)
Font-Variant
font-variant属性允许你制作小型大写字母效果，也就是将小写字母变成大写并减小字体型号

 font-variant: normal;
font-variant: small-caps;
font-variant: inherit;

预览
Font Variant 设置为 normal
Font Variant 设置为 small-caps
Font variant 设置为 inherit
Letter-Spacing 和 word-spacing
这两个属性都用来添加他们对应的元素中的空白。letter-spacing添加字母之间的空白，而word-spacing添加每个单词之间的空白。请注意，word-spacing对中文无效。

 letter-spacing: normal;
letter-spacing: 2px;
letter-spacing: inherit;

预览
Letter spacing 设置为 normal
Letter spacing 设置为 2px
Letter spacing设置为 inherit
font缩写
上面的font属性可以缩写，这样可以大大的提高你的css的效率。

 font:font-style font-variant font-weight font-size[/line-height] font-family

请注意上面的缩写的书写顺序。另外，如果这里不设置line-height，元素的line-height将会被设置为默认的1，而不会从父级元素或body元素继承。使用缩写的时候，font-size和font-family是必须的，其它几项可根据情况不写。

制作有吸引力的段落
对于更有吸引力的段落排版，可以采用Robert Bringhurst的方法，它约定：用你的文字大小乘以30就可以得到段落的宽度。

比如如果你的文字大小是12px，用30乘以它，也就是360px，这样每行大约可以呈现65个英文字符。

不正确的段落大小：
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
正确的段落大小
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
Line-height示例
行高用来限定每行文字之间的空白大小。一个经验之谈就是让行高比你的字体大6-7px。

比如，如果你的文字大小是12px，加上6px就是你的行高，也就是18px。

不正确的Line-Height
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
正确的Line-Height
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
 

清晰的强调文字
下划线应该只用于文字链接，而斜体是一个更清晰的可选方案.

不正确的例子
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
正确的例子
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
first-letter与first-line
顾名思义，first-letter就是第一个字母，first-line是第一行文字，它们是少有的被所有主流浏览器支持的CSS 2.1 伪元素，你可以为它们定义任意样式。

示例代码
 #demo5{ width:400px;}
#demo5:first-letter{ font-size:32px;color:green}
#demo5:first-line{color:red;}

前端观察 Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
前瞻 – CSS3
已经有一部分很棒的CSS3特性可以用到你的设计中了。当然这些中的一部分新属性还不能用于IE，但是你或许了解这对IE来说是常事儿，所以你不妨试试。

@Font-face
@font-face允许你上次一个字体文件到你的网站服务器并将其引入到你的外部CSS文件中，然后就可以将它应用到你的网站的任何文字上。

这是处理文字的最大的功能，但是随之而来的是它的负面效果。由于版权问题，只有少数的字体“被允许”使用。这些字体也就是CSS3安全就在这里里面提到的。当然，对于中文字体来说，除了版权问题，还有网速的问题，一般中文字体动辄几MB的大小，字体文件下载到浏览器就要几分钟，这对于用户来说是不划算的。

使用@font-face
在这个例子中我在我的网站的根目录下放了一个font文件夹，然后将需要用到的字体放入该文件夹。你首先需要声明@font-face 属性以导入你的字体文件，然后使用该字体名称来控制其它元素的字体。

 /* 声明字体 */
@font-face {
src:(font/diavlo.otf)
}
/* 将改字体应用到一个元素 */
h1 {font-family: diavlo, Arial;
}

Text-Shadow
text-shadow属性赶走了用Photoshop为某些元素制作下拉阴影的需求，并给你提供动态的阴影控制。当然，该属性IE并不支持。

示例标题

 p {
font-size: 2em;
font-weight: bold;
color: #777;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #222;
}

示例标题2

p {text-shadow: 2px 2px 2px #222;}

示例标题3

 p {text-shadow: 1px 1px 5px #FFF;}

PS：呃，其实前端观察的文章标题和章节的二级标题都用了text-shadow，而且还是用了更漂亮的RGBa颜色。